Roman Numeral Converter
Convert any number to Roman numerals and Roman numerals back to numbers. Includes a complete Roman numeral chart and rules explained.
Roman Numeral Converter
Roman Numeral Chart
Comprehensive Guide & Practice
Master the mathematical principles, formulas, and step-by-step methods with worked examples and FAQs.
1. Roman Numerals: Complete Guide
Roman numerals are a numeral system originating in ancient Rome that used letters from the Latin alphabet to represent numbers. They were the standard writing system for numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages.
2. The Seven Roman Numeral Symbols
There are seven base symbols: I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1,000.
3. Subtractive Notation
Roman numerals use a subtractive rule: when a smaller symbol precedes a larger one, you subtract the smaller from the larger:
- IV = 4 (5 − 1)
- IX = 9 (10 − 1)
- XL = 40 (50 − 10)
- XC = 90 (100 − 10)
- CD = 400 (500 − 100)
- CM = 900 (1000 − 100)
4. Common Roman Numerals
- XI = 11 | XIV = 14 | XIX = 19 | XXI = 21 | XLII = 42 | L = 50
- LXVIII = 68 | XCIX = 99 | C = 100 | CCXLVII = 247 | D = 500
- DCCC = 800 | CM = 900 | M = 1000 | MCMXCIX = 1999 | MMXXVI = 2026
See also: Number Base Converter | Roman Numerals Full Guide | Number Systems Guide